[133] | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python |
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| 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- |
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| 3 | # |
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[141] | 4 | # Ethernet over WebSocket tunneling server/client |
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[133] | 5 | # |
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| 6 | # depends on: |
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| 7 | # - python-2.7.2 |
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| 8 | # - python-pytun-0.2 |
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[136] | 9 | # - websocket-client-0.7.0 |
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| 10 | # - tornado-2.2.1 |
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[133] | 11 | # |
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[140] | 12 | # todo: |
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[143] | 13 | # - servant mode support (like typical p2p software) |
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[140] | 14 | # |
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[133] | 15 | # =========================================================================== |
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| 16 | # Copyright (c) 2012, Atzm WATANABE <atzm@atzm.org> |
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| 17 | # All rights reserved. |
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| 18 | # |
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| 19 | # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without |
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| 20 | # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: |
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| 21 | # |
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| 22 | # 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, |
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| 23 | # this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. |
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| 24 | # 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright |
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| 25 | # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the |
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| 26 | # documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. |
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| 27 | # |
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| 28 | # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" |
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| 29 | # AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE |
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| 30 | # IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE |
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| 31 | # ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE |
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| 32 | # LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR |
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| 33 | # CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF |
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| 34 | # SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS |
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| 35 | # INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN |
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| 36 | # CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) |
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| 37 | # ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE |
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| 38 | # POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. |
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| 39 | # =========================================================================== |
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| 40 | # |
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| 41 | # $Id$ |
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| 42 | |
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| 43 | import os |
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| 44 | import sys |
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[156] | 45 | import ssl |
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[160] | 46 | import time |
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[175] | 47 | import fcntl |
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[150] | 48 | import base64 |
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| 49 | import hashlib |
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[151] | 50 | import getpass |
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[133] | 51 | import argparse |
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[165] | 52 | import traceback |
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[133] | 53 | |
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| 54 | import websocket |
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[160] | 55 | import tornado.web |
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[133] | 56 | import tornado.ioloop |
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| 57 | import tornado.websocket |
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[160] | 58 | import tornado.httpserver |
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[133] | 59 | |
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[166] | 60 | from pytun import TunTapDevice, IFF_TAP, IFF_NO_PI |
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[133] | 61 | |
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[166] | 62 | |
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[160] | 63 | class DebugMixIn(object): |
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[166] | 64 | def dprintf(self, msg, func=lambda: ()): |
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[160] | 65 | if self._debug: |
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| 66 | prefix = '[%s] %s - ' % (time.asctime(), self.__class__.__name__) |
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[164] | 67 | sys.stderr.write(prefix + (msg % func())) |
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[160] | 68 | |
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| 69 | |
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[164] | 70 | class EthernetFrame(object): |
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| 71 | def __init__(self, data): |
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| 72 | self.data = data |
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| 73 | |
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[173] | 74 | @staticmethod |
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| 75 | def multicast(mac): |
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| 76 | return ord(mac[0]) & 1 |
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[164] | 77 | |
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| 78 | @property |
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| 79 | def dst_mac(self): |
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| 80 | return self.data[:6] |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | @property |
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| 83 | def src_mac(self): |
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| 84 | return self.data[6:12] |
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| 85 | |
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| 86 | @property |
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| 87 | def tagged(self): |
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| 88 | return ord(self.data[12]) == 0x81 and ord(self.data[13]) == 0 |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | @property |
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| 91 | def vid(self): |
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| 92 | if self.tagged: |
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| 93 | return ((ord(self.data[14]) << 8) | ord(self.data[15])) & 0x0fff |
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| 94 | return -1 |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | |
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[166] | 97 | class FDB(DebugMixIn): |
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[167] | 98 | def __init__(self, ageout, debug=False): |
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[164] | 99 | self._ageout = ageout |
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| 100 | self._debug = debug |
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[166] | 101 | self._dict = {} |
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[164] | 102 | |
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| 103 | def lookup(self, frame): |
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| 104 | mac = frame.dst_mac |
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| 105 | vid = frame.vid |
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| 106 | |
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[166] | 107 | group = self._dict.get(vid, None) |
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[164] | 108 | if not group: |
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| 109 | return None |
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| 110 | |
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| 111 | entry = group.get(mac, None) |
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| 112 | if not entry: |
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| 113 | return None |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | if time.time() - entry['time'] > self._ageout: |
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[166] | 116 | del self._dict[vid][mac] |
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| 117 | if not self._dict[vid]: |
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| 118 | del self._dict[vid] |
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[164] | 119 | self.dprintf('aged out: [%d] %s\n', |
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| 120 | lambda: (vid, mac.encode('hex'))) |
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| 121 | return None |
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| 122 | |
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| 123 | return entry['port'] |
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| 124 | |
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[166] | 125 | def learn(self, port, frame): |
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| 126 | mac = frame.src_mac |
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| 127 | vid = frame.vid |
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| 128 | |
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| 129 | if vid not in self._dict: |
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| 130 | self._dict[vid] = {} |
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| 131 | |
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| 132 | self._dict[vid][mac] = {'time': time.time(), 'port': port} |
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| 133 | self.dprintf('learned: [%d] %s\n', |
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| 134 | lambda: (vid, mac.encode('hex'))) |
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| 135 | |
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[164] | 136 | def delete(self, port): |
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[166] | 137 | for vid in self._dict.keys(): |
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| 138 | for mac in self._dict[vid].keys(): |
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| 139 | if self._dict[vid][mac]['port'] is port: |
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| 140 | del self._dict[vid][mac] |
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[164] | 141 | self.dprintf('deleted: [%d] %s\n', |
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| 142 | lambda: (vid, mac.encode('hex'))) |
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[166] | 143 | if not self._dict[vid]: |
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| 144 | del self._dict[vid] |
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[164] | 145 | |
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| 146 | |
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[166] | 147 | class SwitchingHub(DebugMixIn): |
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| 148 | def __init__(self, fdb, debug=False): |
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| 149 | self._fdb = fdb |
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[133] | 150 | self._debug = debug |
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[166] | 151 | self._ports = [] |
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[133] | 152 | |
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[166] | 153 | def register_port(self, port): |
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| 154 | self._ports.append(port) |
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[133] | 155 | |
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[166] | 156 | def unregister_port(self, port): |
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| 157 | self._fdb.delete(port) |
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| 158 | self._ports.remove(port) |
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[133] | 159 | |
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[166] | 160 | def forward(self, src_port, frame): |
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| 161 | try: |
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[173] | 162 | if not frame.multicast(frame.src_mac): |
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[172] | 163 | self._fdb.learn(src_port, frame) |
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[133] | 164 | |
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[173] | 165 | if not frame.multicast(frame.dst_mac): |
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[166] | 166 | dst_port = self._fdb.lookup(frame) |
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[164] | 167 | |
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[166] | 168 | if dst_port: |
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| 169 | self._unicast(frame, dst_port) |
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| 170 | return |
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[133] | 171 | |
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[166] | 172 | self._broadcast(frame, src_port) |
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[162] | 173 | |
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[166] | 174 | except: # ex. received invalid frame |
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| 175 | traceback.print_exc() |
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[133] | 176 | |
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[166] | 177 | def _unicast(self, frame, port): |
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| 178 | port.write_message(frame.data, True) |
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| 179 | self.dprintf('sent unicast: [%d] %s -> %s\n', |
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| 180 | lambda: (frame.vid, |
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| 181 | frame.src_mac.encode('hex'), |
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| 182 | frame.dst_mac.encode('hex'))) |
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[164] | 183 | |
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[166] | 184 | def _broadcast(self, frame, *except_ports): |
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| 185 | ports = self._ports[:] |
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| 186 | for port in except_ports: |
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| 187 | ports.remove(port) |
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| 188 | for port in ports: |
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| 189 | port.write_message(frame.data, True) |
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[164] | 190 | self.dprintf('sent broadcast: [%d] %s -> %s\n', |
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| 191 | lambda: (frame.vid, |
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| 192 | frame.src_mac.encode('hex'), |
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| 193 | frame.dst_mac.encode('hex'))) |
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| 194 | |
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[166] | 195 | |
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| 196 | class TapHandler(DebugMixIn): |
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| 197 | READ_SIZE = 65535 |
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| 198 | |
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| 199 | def __init__(self, switch, dev, debug=False): |
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| 200 | self._switch = switch |
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| 201 | self._dev = dev |
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| 202 | self._debug = debug |
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| 203 | self._tap = None |
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| 204 | |
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| 205 | @property |
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| 206 | def closed(self): |
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| 207 | return not self._tap |
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| 208 | |
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| 209 | def open(self): |
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| 210 | if not self.closed: |
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| 211 | raise ValueError('already opened') |
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| 212 | self._tap = TunTapDevice(self._dev, IFF_TAP | IFF_NO_PI) |
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| 213 | self._tap.up() |
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| 214 | self._switch.register_port(self) |
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| 215 | |
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| 216 | def close(self): |
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| 217 | if self.closed: |
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| 218 | raise ValueError('I/O operation on closed tap') |
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| 219 | self._switch.unregister_port(self) |
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| 220 | self._tap.close() |
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| 221 | self._tap = None |
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| 222 | |
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| 223 | def fileno(self): |
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| 224 | if self.closed: |
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| 225 | raise ValueError('I/O operation on closed tap') |
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| 226 | return self._tap.fileno() |
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| 227 | |
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| 228 | def write_message(self, message, binary=False): |
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| 229 | if self.closed: |
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| 230 | raise ValueError('I/O operation on closed tap') |
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| 231 | self._tap.write(message) |
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| 232 | |
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[138] | 233 | def __call__(self, fd, events): |
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[166] | 234 | try: |
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| 235 | self._switch.forward(self, EthernetFrame(self._read())) |
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| 236 | return |
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| 237 | except: |
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| 238 | traceback.print_exc() |
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[174] | 239 | tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().stop() # XXX: should unregister fd |
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[166] | 240 | |
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| 241 | def _read(self): |
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| 242 | if self.closed: |
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| 243 | raise ValueError('I/O operation on closed tap') |
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[162] | 244 | buf = [] |
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| 245 | while True: |
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[166] | 246 | buf.append(self._tap.read(self.READ_SIZE)) |
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| 247 | if len(buf[-1]) < self.READ_SIZE: |
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[162] | 248 | break |
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[166] | 249 | return ''.join(buf) |
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[162] | 250 | |
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| 251 | |
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[160] | 252 | class EtherWebSocketHandler(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler, DebugMixIn): |
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[166] | 253 | def __init__(self, app, req, switch, debug=False): |
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[160] | 254 | super(EtherWebSocketHandler, self).__init__(app, req) |
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[166] | 255 | self._switch = switch |
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[133] | 256 | self._debug = debug |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | def open(self): |
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[166] | 259 | self._switch.register_port(self) |
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[164] | 260 | self.dprintf('connected: %s\n', lambda: self.request.remote_ip) |
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[133] | 261 | |
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| 262 | def on_message(self, message): |
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[166] | 263 | self._switch.forward(self, EthernetFrame(message)) |
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[133] | 264 | |
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| 265 | def on_close(self): |
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[166] | 266 | self._switch.unregister_port(self) |
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[164] | 267 | self.dprintf('disconnected: %s\n', lambda: self.request.remote_ip) |
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[133] | 268 | |
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| 269 | |
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[160] | 270 | class EtherWebSocketClient(DebugMixIn): |
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[174] | 271 | def __init__(self, switch, url, cred=None, debug=False): |
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[166] | 272 | self._switch = switch |
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[151] | 273 | self._url = url |
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[160] | 274 | self._debug = debug |
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[166] | 275 | self._sock = None |
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[151] | 276 | self._options = {} |
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| 277 | |
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[174] | 278 | if isinstance(cred, dict) and cred['user'] and cred['passwd']: |
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| 279 | token = base64.b64encode('%s:%s' % (cred['user'], cred['passwd'])) |
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[151] | 280 | auth = ['Authorization: Basic %s' % token] |
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| 281 | self._options['header'] = auth |
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| 282 | |
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[160] | 283 | @property |
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| 284 | def closed(self): |
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| 285 | return not self._sock |
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| 286 | |
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[151] | 287 | def open(self): |
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[160] | 288 | if not self.closed: |
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| 289 | raise websocket.WebSocketException('already opened') |
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[151] | 290 | self._sock = websocket.WebSocket() |
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| 291 | self._sock.connect(self._url, **self._options) |
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[166] | 292 | self._switch.register_port(self) |
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[164] | 293 | self.dprintf('connected: %s\n', lambda: self._url) |
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[151] | 294 | |
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| 295 | def close(self): |
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[160] | 296 | if self.closed: |
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| 297 | raise websocket.WebSocketException('already closed') |
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[166] | 298 | self._switch.unregister_port(self) |
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[151] | 299 | self._sock.close() |
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| 300 | self._sock = None |
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[164] | 301 | self.dprintf('disconnected: %s\n', lambda: self._url) |
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[151] | 302 | |
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[165] | 303 | def fileno(self): |
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| 304 | if self.closed: |
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| 305 | raise websocket.WebSocketException('closed socket') |
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| 306 | return self._sock.io_sock.fileno() |
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| 307 | |
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[151] | 308 | def write_message(self, message, binary=False): |
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[160] | 309 | if self.closed: |
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| 310 | raise websocket.WebSocketException('closed socket') |
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[151] | 311 | if binary: |
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| 312 | flag = websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_BINARY |
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[160] | 313 | else: |
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| 314 | flag = websocket.ABNF.OPCODE_TEXT |
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[151] | 315 | self._sock.send(message, flag) |
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| 316 | |
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[165] | 317 | def __call__(self, fd, events): |
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[151] | 318 | try: |
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[165] | 319 | data = self._sock.recv() |
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| 320 | if data is not None: |
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[166] | 321 | self._switch.forward(self, EthernetFrame(data)) |
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[165] | 322 | return |
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| 323 | except: |
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| 324 | traceback.print_exc() |
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[174] | 325 | tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().stop() # XXX: should unregister fd |
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[151] | 326 | |
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| 327 | |
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[174] | 328 | class Htpasswd(object): |
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| 329 | def __init__(self, path): |
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| 330 | self._path = path |
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| 331 | self._stat = None |
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| 332 | self._data = {} |
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| 333 | |
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| 334 | def auth(self, name, passwd): |
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| 335 | passwd = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(passwd).digest()) |
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| 336 | return self._data.get(name) == passwd |
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| 337 | |
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| 338 | def load(self): |
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| 339 | old_stat = self._stat |
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| 340 | |
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| 341 | with open(self._path) as fp: |
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[175] | 342 | fileno = fp.fileno() |
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| 343 | fcntl.flock(fileno, fcntl.LOCK_SH | fcntl.LOCK_NB) |
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| 344 | self._stat = os.fstat(fileno) |
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[174] | 345 | |
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| 346 | unchanged = old_stat and \ |
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| 347 | old_stat.st_ino == self._stat.st_ino and \ |
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| 348 | old_stat.st_dev == self._stat.st_dev and \ |
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| 349 | old_stat.st_mtime == self._stat.st_mtime |
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| 350 | |
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| 351 | if not unchanged: |
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| 352 | self._data = self._parse(fp) |
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| 353 | |
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| 354 | def _parse(self, fp): |
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| 355 | data = {} |
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| 356 | for line in fp: |
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| 357 | line = line.strip() |
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| 358 | if 0 <= line.find(':'): |
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| 359 | name, passwd = line.split(':', 1) |
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| 360 | if passwd.startswith('{SHA}'): |
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| 361 | data[name] = passwd[5:] |
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| 362 | return data |
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| 363 | |
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| 364 | |
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| 365 | def wrap_basic_auth(handler_class, htpasswd_path): |
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| 366 | if not htpasswd_path: |
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| 367 | return handler_class |
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| 368 | |
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| 369 | old_execute = handler_class._execute |
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| 370 | htpasswd = Htpasswd(htpasswd_path) |
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| 371 | |
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| 372 | def execute(self, transforms, *args, **kwargs): |
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| 373 | def auth_required(): |
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| 374 | self.stream.write(tornado.escape.utf8( |
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| 375 | 'HTTP/1.1 401 Authorization Required\r\n' |
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| 376 | 'WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=etherws\r\n\r\n' |
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| 377 | )) |
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| 378 | self.stream.close() |
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| 379 | |
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| 380 | creds = self.request.headers.get('Authorization') |
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| 381 | |
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| 382 | if not creds or not creds.startswith('Basic '): |
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| 383 | return auth_required() |
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| 384 | |
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| 385 | try: |
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| 386 | name, passwd = base64.b64decode(creds[6:]).split(':', 1) |
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| 387 | htpasswd.load() |
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| 388 | |
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| 389 | if not htpasswd.auth(name, passwd): |
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| 390 | return auth_required() |
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| 391 | |
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| 392 | return old_execute(self, transforms, *args, **kwargs) |
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| 393 | |
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| 394 | except: |
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| 395 | return auth_required() |
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| 396 | |
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| 397 | handler_class._execute = execute |
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| 398 | return handler_class |
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| 399 | |
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| 400 | |
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[134] | 401 | def daemonize(nochdir=False, noclose=False): |
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| 402 | if os.fork() > 0: |
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| 403 | sys.exit(0) |
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| 404 | |
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| 405 | os.setsid() |
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| 406 | |
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| 407 | if os.fork() > 0: |
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| 408 | sys.exit(0) |
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| 409 | |
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| 410 | if not nochdir: |
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| 411 | os.chdir('/') |
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| 412 | |
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| 413 | if not noclose: |
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| 414 | os.umask(0) |
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| 415 | sys.stdin.close() |
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| 416 | sys.stdout.close() |
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| 417 | sys.stderr.close() |
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| 418 | os.close(0) |
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| 419 | os.close(1) |
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| 420 | os.close(2) |
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| 421 | sys.stdin = open(os.devnull) |
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| 422 | sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, 'a') |
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| 423 | sys.stderr = open(os.devnull, 'a') |
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| 424 | |
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| 425 | |
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[160] | 426 | def realpath(ns, *keys): |
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| 427 | for k in keys: |
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| 428 | v = getattr(ns, k, None) |
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| 429 | if v is not None: |
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| 430 | v = os.path.realpath(v) |
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| 431 | setattr(ns, k, v) |
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| 432 | open(v).close() # check readable |
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| 433 | return ns |
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| 434 | |
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| 435 | |
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[133] | 436 | def server_main(args): |
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[160] | 437 | realpath(args, 'keyfile', 'certfile', 'htpasswd') |
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[143] | 438 | |
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[160] | 439 | if args.keyfile and args.certfile: |
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| 440 | ssl_options = {'keyfile': args.keyfile, 'certfile': args.certfile} |
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| 441 | elif args.keyfile or args.certfile: |
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[143] | 442 | raise ValueError('both keyfile and certfile are required') |
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[160] | 443 | else: |
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[143] | 444 | ssl_options = None |
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| 445 | |
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[160] | 446 | if args.port is None: |
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[143] | 447 | if ssl_options: |
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| 448 | args.port = 443 |
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| 449 | else: |
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| 450 | args.port = 80 |
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[160] | 451 | elif not (0 <= args.port <= 65535): |
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| 452 | raise ValueError('invalid port: %s' % args.port) |
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[143] | 453 | |
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[167] | 454 | if args.ageout <= 0: |
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| 455 | raise ValueError('invalid ageout: %s' % args.ageout) |
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| 456 | |
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| 457 | ioloop = tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance() |
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| 458 | fdb = FDB(ageout=args.ageout, debug=args.debug) |
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| 459 | switch = SwitchingHub(fdb, debug=args.debug) |
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| 460 | |
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[174] | 461 | handler = wrap_basic_auth(EtherWebSocketHandler, args.htpasswd) |
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| 462 | srv = (args.path, handler, {'switch': switch, 'debug': args.debug}) |
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| 463 | app = tornado.web.Application([srv]) |
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[143] | 464 | server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(app, ssl_options=ssl_options) |
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[133] | 465 | server.listen(args.port, address=args.address) |
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| 466 | |
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[174] | 467 | for dev in args.device: |
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| 468 | tap = TapHandler(switch, dev, debug=args.debug) |
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[167] | 469 | tap.open() |
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| 470 | ioloop.add_handler(tap.fileno(), tap, ioloop.READ) |
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[151] | 471 | |
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| 472 | if not args.foreground: |
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| 473 | daemonize() |
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| 474 | |
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[138] | 475 | ioloop.start() |
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[133] | 476 | |
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| 477 | |
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| 478 | def client_main(args): |
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[160] | 479 | realpath(args, 'cacerts') |
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| 480 | |
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[133] | 481 | if args.debug: |
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| 482 | websocket.enableTrace(True) |
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| 483 | |
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[174] | 484 | if args.insecure: |
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[156] | 485 | websocket._SSLSocketWrapper = \ |
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[174] | 486 | lambda s: ssl.wrap_socket(s) |
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| 487 | else: |
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| 488 | websocket._SSLSocketWrapper = \ |
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[156] | 489 | lambda s: ssl.wrap_socket(s, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, |
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| 490 | ca_certs=args.cacerts) |
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| 491 | |
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[174] | 492 | if args.ageout <= 0: |
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| 493 | raise ValueError('invalid ageout: %s' % args.ageout) |
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| 494 | |
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[160] | 495 | if args.user and args.passwd is None: |
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| 496 | args.passwd = getpass.getpass() |
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[143] | 497 | |
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[174] | 498 | cred = {'user': args.user, 'passwd': args.passwd} |
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[167] | 499 | ioloop = tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance() |
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| 500 | fdb = FDB(ageout=args.ageout, debug=args.debug) |
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[166] | 501 | switch = SwitchingHub(fdb, debug=args.debug) |
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[167] | 502 | |
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[174] | 503 | for uri in args.uri: |
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| 504 | client = EtherWebSocketClient(switch, uri, cred, args.debug) |
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[168] | 505 | client.open() |
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| 506 | ioloop.add_handler(client.fileno(), client, ioloop.READ) |
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| 507 | |
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[174] | 508 | for dev in args.device: |
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| 509 | tap = TapHandler(switch, dev, debug=args.debug) |
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[167] | 510 | tap.open() |
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| 511 | ioloop.add_handler(tap.fileno(), tap, ioloop.READ) |
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| 512 | |
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[151] | 513 | if not args.foreground: |
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| 514 | daemonize() |
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| 515 | |
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[165] | 516 | ioloop.start() |
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[133] | 517 | |
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[138] | 518 | |
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[133] | 519 | def main(): |
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| 520 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() |
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[167] | 521 | parser.add_argument('--device', action='append', default=[]) |
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| 522 | parser.add_argument('--ageout', action='store', type=int, default=300) |
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[133] | 523 | parser.add_argument('--foreground', action='store_true', default=False) |
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| 524 | parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true', default=False) |
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| 525 | |
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| 526 | subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='subcommand') |
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| 527 | |
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[158] | 528 | parser_s = subparsers.add_parser('server') |
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| 529 | parser_s.add_argument('--address', action='store', default='') |
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| 530 | parser_s.add_argument('--port', action='store', type=int) |
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| 531 | parser_s.add_argument('--path', action='store', default='/') |
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| 532 | parser_s.add_argument('--htpasswd', action='store') |
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| 533 | parser_s.add_argument('--keyfile', action='store') |
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| 534 | parser_s.add_argument('--certfile', action='store') |
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[133] | 535 | |
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[158] | 536 | parser_c = subparsers.add_parser('client') |
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[168] | 537 | parser_c.add_argument('--uri', action='append', default=[]) |
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[158] | 538 | parser_c.add_argument('--insecure', action='store_true', default=False) |
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| 539 | parser_c.add_argument('--cacerts', action='store') |
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| 540 | parser_c.add_argument('--user', action='store') |
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[160] | 541 | parser_c.add_argument('--passwd', action='store') |
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[133] | 542 | |
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| 543 | args = parser.parse_args() |
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| 544 | |
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| 545 | if args.subcommand == 'server': |
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| 546 | server_main(args) |
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| 547 | elif args.subcommand == 'client': |
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| 548 | client_main(args) |
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| 549 | |
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| 550 | |
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| 551 | if __name__ == '__main__': |
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| 552 | main() |
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