[[PageOutline]] = Perl = == Python で言うところの getattr してみる == ていうかむしろ eval してるだけ. eval じゃなくてホントに getattr したいんだけど,どうやってやるんだろう? * {{{hoge.pm}}} {{{ #!perl use strict; use warnings; package hoge; our $foo = "hogeraccho"; 1; __END__ }}} * {{{unko.pm}}} {{{ #!perl use strict; use warnings; package unko; our $foo = "unkokko"; 1; __END__ }}} * {{{modules}}} ファイル {{{ unko hoge foo }}} * {{{main.pl}}} {{{ #!perl #!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings; use Symbol; my $sym = gensym; open($sym, "modules"); while (my $module = <$sym>) { chomp $module; next unless $module; eval { require $module . '.pm'; my $foo = eval("\$${module}::foo"); print "\$${module}::foo = $foo\n"; }; warn "WARNING: $@" if $@; } close($sym); }}} * 実行結果 {{{ #!sh bash$ perl main.pl $unko::foo = unkokko $hoge::foo = hogeraccho WARNING: Can't locate foo.pm in @INC ... }}} == データの永続化 == Storable を使って文字列で Perl オブジェクトをやりとりしてみる.nfreeze を使う場合,改行をエスケープする必要があるようだ. バイナリでのやりとりも可であれば,nstore を使うのが良い. * freeze.pl {{{ #!perl #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use diagnostics; use warnings; use Storable qw(nfreeze); my $hash = { "1" => "hogera", "2" => 1, "3" => [1, 2, 3], "4" => {"a" => 1}, "5" => { "a" => 1, "b" => [1, 2, 3], "c" => {"i" => 2}, }, }; my $serialized = nfreeze($hash); print r_escape($serialized); sub r_escape { my $s = shift; $s =~ s/([%\r\n])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/ge; return $s; } }}} * thaw.pl {{{ #!perl #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use diagnostics; use warnings; use Storable qw(thaw); use Data::Dumper; my $line = ""; $line .= $_ while (<>); my $hash = thaw(r_unescape($line)); print Dumper($hash); sub r_unescape { my $s = shift; $s =~ s/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/ge; return $s; } }}} * 実行結果 {{{ #!sh $ ./freeze.pl | ./thaw.pl $VAR1 = { '1' => 'hogera', '4' => { 'a' => 1 }, '3' => [ 1, 2, 3 ], '2' => 1, '5' => { 'c' => { 'i' => 2 }, 'a' => 1, 'b' => [ 1, 2, 3 ] } }; }}} === オブジェクトの永続化 === 当然のことながら,展開先ソースコードが必要になる. * object.pm {{{ #!perl use strict; use diagnostics; use warnings; package object; sub new { my $class = shift; bless { "1" => "hogera" }, $class; } sub set_1 { my ($self, $val) = @_; $self->{"1"} = $val; } sub unko { my $self = shift; return $self->{"1"}; } 1; __END__ }}} * freeze.pl {{{ #!perl #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use diagnostics; use warnings; use Storable qw(nfreeze); use object; my $obj = new object; $obj->set_1("hage"); my $serialized = nfreeze($obj); print r_escape($serialized); sub r_escape { my $s = shift; $s =~ s/([%\r\n])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/ge; return $s; } }}} * thaw.pl {{{ #!perl #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use diagnostics; use warnings; use Storable qw(thaw); use object; my $str = ""; $str .= $_ while (<>); my $obj = thaw(r_unescape($str)); print $obj->unko(), "\n"; sub r_unescape { my $s = shift; $s =~ s/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/ge; return $s; } }}} * 実行結果 {{{ #!sh $ ./freeze.pl | ./thaw.pl hage }}} == constant とハッシュ == constant な値をハッシュのキーにすると,そのままでは文字列として解釈されてしまい,ハマる原因になる.括弧をつけること. * ダメな例 {{{ #!perl use constant HOGE => "hoge"; my %hash = ("hoge" => "raccho"); print $hash{HOGE}, "\n"; }}} * OK な例 {{{ #!perl use constant HOGE => "hoge"; my %hash = ("hoge" => "raccho"); print $hash{(HOGE)}, "\n"; }}} == ハッシュ関連 == === ハッシュが格納されている配列中で,ハッシュの中のある特定のキーの値が同じものを削除する === {{{ #!perl sub keygrep($$) { my $array = shift; my $key = shift; my %seen = (); my @res = (); @res = sort { $a->{$key} cmp $b->{$key} } @{$array}; @res = grep(!$seen{$_->{$key}}++, @res); return \@res; } }}} * ([{a=>1, b=>2}, {a=>2, b=>3}, {a=>1, b=>3}], "a") が [{a=>1, b=>2}, {a=>2, b=>3}] で返る. == OOP 関連 == === 引数設定の自動化もどき === * 意味があるのかどうかは知らん. {{{ #!perl use strict; use warnings; use diagnostics; use Carp; { package Base; sub new ($%) { my ($class, %argv) = @_; my $self = bless {__class__ => $class}, $class; return $self->__init__(%argv); } sub __init__ ($%) { my ($self, %argv) = @_; while (my ($key, $val) = each(%argv)) { $self->{$key} = $val; } return $self; } sub __class__ ($) { my $self = shift; return $self->{__class__}; } sub __check__ ($@) { my ($self, @requisite) = @_; foreach (@requisite) { Carp::confess $self->__class__(), " requires argument ", $_ unless (exists($self->{$_})); } } 1; } { package Parent; use base qw(Base); sub __init__ ($%) { my @requisite = qw(parentname); my ($self, %argv) = @_; $self->SUPER::__init__(%argv); $self->SUPER::__check__(@requisite); return $self; } sub parent ($) { my $self = shift; printf "parent is %s\n", $self->{parentname}; } 1; } { package Child; use base qw(Parent); sub __init__ ($%) { my @requisite = qw(childname); my ($self, %argv) = @_; $self->SUPER::__init__(%argv); $self->SUPER::__check__(@requisite); return $self; } sub child ($) { my $self = shift; printf "child is %s\n", $self->{childname}; } 1; } my $parent = new Parent(parentname => "jobs"); $parent->parent(); my $child = new Child(childname => "michael", parentname => "mike"); $child->parent(); $child->child(); }}} == マジカルインクリメント == * 出展: http://www.takaaki.info/archives/000101.html === "perl" と表示 === {{{ #!perl my $A="a";for(1..285075){$A++;}print"$A"; }}} === "atzm" と表示 === {{{ #!perl my $A="a";for(1..31784){$A++;}print"$A"; }}} === 調べる === {{{ #!perl my $A="a";for(my $i=0;;$i++,$A++){printf'my $A="a";for(1..%d){$A++;}print"$A";%s',$i,"\n"and last if $A eq $ARGV[0];} }}} * 高速バージョン from http://hori-uchi.com/archives/000243.html#comments {{{ #!sh $ perl -e '@A=reverse split//,$ARGV[0];for(@A){$s+=(ord($_)-96)*(26**$i++)};print $s-1,"\n";' }}} == HTML 関連 == === 実体参照,文字参照をほげる === {{{ #!perl my %entref_map = ( amp => "&", apos => "'", gt => ">", lt => "<", nbsp => " ", quot => '"', ); $body =~ s/&(\w+?);/$entref_map{$1}/ge; # entityref $body =~ s/&#([0-9]+?);/chr($1)/ge; # dec charref $body =~ s/&#x([0-9A-Fa-f]+?);/chr(hex($1))/ge; # hex charref }}} * こういうのもあるらしい http://www.kawa.net/works/perl/i18n-emoji/EntityRef.pm.html == スタックトレース関連 == * 基本的には Carp モジュールを利用する === 予期せぬエラーにスタックトレースをつけてくれ宣言 === * die や warn を置き換えてやれば良い {{{ #!perl use Carp; $SIG{__DIE__} = \&Carp::confess; $SIG{__WARN__} = \&Carp::cluck; }}} == ステップつきスライス == * つまるところ Python での {{{list[start:end:step]}}}.ただし Python のように step に 0 以下の値を入れられない. {{{ #!perl use Clone qw(clone); my @array = (100 .. 150); my $step = 3; for (0 .. 10) { print join(", ", &slice(\@array, $_, $#array, $step)), "\n"; } sub slice($$$$) { my ($array, $start, $end, $step) = @_; my @subs = (); for (my $i = $start; $i < $end; $i += $step) { push(@subs, clone($array->[$i])); } return @subs; } }}} * 実行結果 {{{ 100, 103, 106, 109, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130, 133, 136, 139, 142, 145, 148 101, 104, 107, 110, 113, 116, 119, 122, 125, 128, 131, 134, 137, 140, 143, 146, 149 102, 105, 108, 111, 114, 117, 120, 123, 126, 129, 132, 135, 138, 141, 144, 147 103, 106, 109, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130, 133, 136, 139, 142, 145, 148 104, 107, 110, 113, 116, 119, 122, 125, 128, 131, 134, 137, 140, 143, 146, 149 105, 108, 111, 114, 117, 120, 123, 126, 129, 132, 135, 138, 141, 144, 147 106, 109, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130, 133, 136, 139, 142, 145, 148 107, 110, 113, 116, 119, 122, 125, 128, 131, 134, 137, 140, 143, 146, 149 108, 111, 114, 117, 120, 123, 126, 129, 132, 135, 138, 141, 144, 147 109, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130, 133, 136, 139, 142, 145, 148 110, 113, 116, 119, 122, 125, 128, 131, 134, 137, 140, 143, 146, 149 }}} == データの分離 == === 特殊ファイルハンドル DATA === * {{{__DATA__}}},{{{__END__}}} 以下は DATA ファイルハンドルで読み出せる. {{{ #!perl print while(); __END__ hoge hage hige }}}