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Changes between Version 1 and Version 2 of TracInstall

Timestamp:: 12/14/10 02:51:48 (14 years ago)
Author:: trac
Comment:: --

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TracInstall

-                      v1
+                      v2
 = Trac インストールガイド =
+= Trac Installation Guide for 0.12 =
 [[TracGuideToc]]
+Trac は軽量なプロジェクト管理ツールで、 Web ベースのアプリケーションとして実装されています。 Trac は Python で記述されており、データベースとして [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite] や [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL] を使用することができます。 HTML レンダリングには [http://www.clearsilver.net/ Clearsilver] テンプレートシステムを使用します。
+以下に示すのは、 Trac のインストールと設定要件に関する一般的な説明です。 Trac を特定のシステムにインストールするための説明は Trac のメインサイトの [http://projects.edgewall.com/trac/wiki/TracInstallPlatforms TracInstallPlatforms] に掲載されています。インストールに必要なタスクをよく理解するためにこれらの一般的な説明を最初に必ず読んでください。
+== インストール要件 ==
+ソフトウェア要件:
+ * [http://www.python.org/ Python], バージョン 2.3 以上。
+   * Python バージョン 2.4 は Windows でサポートされていません。利用できる Windows 用の Subversion bindings がありません。
+   * RPM をベースとしたシステムでは `python-devel` と `python-xml` パッケージも必要かもしれません。
+ * [http://subversion.tigris.org/ Subversion], バージョン 1.0 以上 (バージョン 1.1 以上を推奨) と 対応する [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/svnbook-1.1/ch08s02.html#svn-ch-8-sect-2.3 Python bindings]。
+   * Trac は Subversion の中に含まれている [http://www.swig.org/ SWIG] bindings を使用します。[http://pysvn.tigris.org/ PySVN] ( ときどきSWIG binding と間違えることがあります) '''ではありません。'''
+   * もし すでに Subversion が SWIG bindings なしでインストールされていたら、Subversion を re-`configure` し、`make swig-py`, `make install-swig-py` を行う必要があります。
+ * [http://www.clearsilver.net/ ClearSilver], バージョン 0.9.3 以上。
+   * python-bindings (`./configure --with-python=/usr/bin/python`)
+=== SQLite利用 ===
+ * [http://www.sqlite.org/ SQLite], バージョン 2.8.x か 3.x
+ * [http://pysqlite.org/ PySQLite]
+   * version 1.0.x (for SQLite 2.8.x)
+   * version 1.1.x or 2.x (for SQLite 3.x)
+=== PostgreSQL利用 ===
+Trac is written in the Python programming language and needs a database, [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite], [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL], or [http://mysql.com/ MySQL]. For HTML rendering, Trac uses the [http://genshi.edgewall.org Genshi] templating system.
+Since version 0.12, Trac can also be localized, and there's probably a translation available for your language. If you want to be able to use the Trac interface in other languages, then make sure you **first** have installed the optional package [#OtherPythonPackages Babel]. Lacking Babel, you will only get the default english version, as usual. If you install Babel later on, you will need to re-install Trac.
+If you're interested in contributing new translations for other languages or enhance the existing translations, then please have a look at [trac:wiki:TracL10N TracL10N].
+What follows are generic instructions for installing and setting up Trac and its requirements. While you may find instructions for installing Trac on specific systems at TracInstallPlatforms on the main Trac site, please be sure to '''first read through these general instructions''' to get a good understanding of the tasks involved.
+[[PageOutline(2-3,Installation Steps,inline)]]
+== Dependencies ==
+=== Mandatory Dependencies
+To install Trac, the following software packages must be installed:
+ * [http://www.python.org/ Python], version >= 2.4 and < 3.0
+   (note that we dropped the support for Python 2.3 in this release)
+ * [http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/setuptools setuptools], version >= 0.6
+ * [http://genshi.edgewall.org/wiki/Download Genshi], version >= 0.6
+You also need a database system and the corresponding python bindings.
+The database can be either SQLite, PostgreSQL or MySQL.
+==== For the SQLite database #ForSQLite
+If you're using Python 2.5 or 2.6, you already have everything you need.
+If you're using Python 2.4 and need pysqlite, you can download from
+[http://code.google.com/p/pysqlite/downloads/list google code] the Windows installers or the tar.gz archive for building from source:
+{{{
+$ tar xvfz <version>.tar.gz
+$ cd <version>
+$ python setup.py build_static install
+}}}
+This will extract the SQLite code and build the bindings.
+To install SQLite, your system may require the development headers. Without these you will get various GCC related errors when attempting to build:
+{{{
+$ apt-get install libsqlite3-dev
+}}}
+SQLite 2.x is no longer supported, and neither is !PySqlite 1.1.x.
+A known bug !PySqlite versions 2.5.2-4 prohibits upgrade of trac databases
+from 0.11.x to 0.12. Please use versions 2.5.5 and newer or 2.5.1 and
+older. See [trac:#9434] for more detail.
+See additional information in [trac:PySqlite].
+==== For the PostgreSQL database #ForPostgreSQL
+You need to install the database and its Python bindings:
  * [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL]
+ * [http://initd.org/projects/psycopg1 psycopg1], [http://initd.org/projects/psycopg2 psycopg2], or [http://pypgsql.sourceforge.net/ pyPgSQL]
+=== オプション要件 ===
+ * CGI をサポートする Web サーバ (see TracCgi) または
+ * [http://www.fastcgi.com/ FastCGI] をサポートする Web サーバ(see TracFastCgi) または
+ * [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] と [http://www.modpython.org/ mod_python 3.1.3+] (see TracModPython)
+ * プラグインを使用する場合 [http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/setuptools setuptools], バージョン 0.5a13 以上。 (see TracPlugins)
+ * WikiRestructuredText を使用する場合 [http://docutils.sourceforge.net/ docutils], バージョン 0.3.3 以上
+ * [wiki:TracSyntaxColoring シンタックス ハイライト] を使用する場合 [http://silvercity.sourceforge.net/ SilverCity] または [http://www.gnu.org/software/enscript/enscript.html Enscript] もしくは両方。
+''注意''': これらのソフトウェアの依存するパッケージに利用可能なバージョンがいろいろありますが、かならずしも互換性あるとは限りません。上記のバージョン番号に注意してください。もし Trac が動かないようだったら、すべての依存関係をもう一度確認してください。確認したうえで、 [http://projects.edgewall.com/trac/wiki/MailingList メーリングリスト] や [http://projects.edgewall.com/trac/wiki/IrcChannel IRCチャンネル] をたずねてみてください。
+これらのパッケージの最もよいインストール方法を理解するためにパッケージ付属のドキュメントを読んでください。加えて、 [http://projects.edgewall.com/trac/wiki/TracInstallPlatforms プラットフォーム特有の説明] にも、インストール時の依存関係が記述されています。
+== Trac のインストール ==
+多くの Python プログラムと同様、ソースディレクトリの一番上で次のコマンドを実行することで、 Trac の Python パッケージをインストールできます:
+ * [http://pypi.python.org/pypi/psycopg2 psycopg2]
+See [trac:DatabaseBackend#Postgresql DatabaseBackend] for details.
+==== For the MySQL database #ForMySQL
+Trac can now work quite well with MySQL, provided you follow the guidelines.
+ * [http://mysql.com/ MySQL], version 5.0 or later
+ * [http://sf.net/projects/mysql-python MySQLdb], version 1.2.2 or later
+It is '''very''' important to read carefully the  [trac:MySqlDb] page before creating the database.
+=== Optional Dependencies
+==== Version Control System ====
+===== Subversion =====
+ * [http://subversion.apache.org/ Subversion], 1.5.x or 1.6.x and the '''''corresponding''''' Python bindings. Older versions starting from 1.0, like 1.2.4, 1.3.2 or 1.4.2, etc. should still work. For troubleshooting information, check the [trac:TracSubversion#Troubleshooting TracSubversion] page.
+There are [http://subversion.apache.org/packages.html pre-compiled SWIG bindings] available for various platforms. (Good luck finding precompiled SWIG bindings for any Windows package at that listing. TracSubversion points you to [http://alagazam.net Algazam], which works for me under Python 2.6.)
+Note that Trac '''doesn't''' use [http://pysvn.tigris.org/ PySVN], neither does it work yet with the newer `ctype`-style bindings. [Is there a ticket for implementing ctype bindings?]
+'''Please note:''' if using Subversion, Trac must be installed on the '''same machine'''. Remote repositories are currently [trac:ticket:493 not supported].
+===== Others =====
+Support for other version control systems is provided via third-parties. See [trac:PluginList] and [trac:VersioningSystemBackend].
+==== Web Server ====
+A web server is optional because Trac is shipped with a server included, see the [#RunningtheStandaloneServer Running the Standalone Server ] section below.
+Alternatively you configure Trac to run in any of the following environments.
+ * [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] with
+   - [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/ mod_wsgi], see [wiki:TracModWSGI] and
+     http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/IntegrationWithTrac
+   - [http://modpython.org/ mod_python 3.3.1], deprecated: see TracModPython)
+ * a [http://www.fastcgi.com/ FastCGI]-capable web server (see TracFastCgi)
+ * an [http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/ajp/ajpv13a.html AJP]-capable web
+   server (see [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp])
+ * a CGI-capable web server (see TracCgi), '''but usage of Trac as a cgi script
+   is highly discouraged''', better use one of the previous options.
+==== Other Python Packages ====
+ * [http://babel.edgewall.org Babel], version >= 0.9.5,
+   needed for localization support[[BR]]
+   ''Note: '' If you want to be able to use the Trac interface in other languages, then make sure you first have installed the optional package Babel. Lacking Babel, you will only get the default english version, as usual. If you install Babel later on, you will need to re-install Trac.
+ * [http://docutils.sourceforge.net/ docutils], version >= 0.3.9
+   for WikiRestructuredText.
+ * [http://pygments.pocoo.org Pygments] for
+   [wiki:TracSyntaxColoring syntax highlighting].
+   [http://silvercity.sourceforge.net/ SilverCity] and/or
+   [http://gnu.org/software/enscript/enscript.html Enscript] may still be used
+   but are deprecated and you really should be using Pygments.
+ * [http://pytz.sf.net pytz] to get a complete list of time zones,
+   otherwise Trac will fall back on a shorter list from
+   an internal time zone implementation.
+'''Attention''': The various available versions of these dependencies are not necessarily interchangable, so please pay attention to the version numbers above. If you are having trouble getting Trac to work please double-check all the dependencies before asking for help on the [trac:MailingList] or [trac:IrcChannel].
+Please refer to the documentation of these packages to find out how they are best installed. In addition, most of the [trac:TracInstallPlatforms platform-specific instructions] also describe the installation of the dependencies. Keep in mind however that the information there ''probably concern older versions of Trac than the one you're installing'' (there are even some pages that are still talking about Trac 0.8!).
+== Installing Trac ==
+=== Using `easy_install`
+One way to install Trac is using [http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools setuptools].
+With setuptools you can install Trac from the subversion repository;
+A few examples:
+ - install Trac 0.12:
+   {{{
+   easy_install Trac==0.12
+   }}}
+ - install latest development version 0.12dev:
+   {{{
+   easy_install Trac==dev
+   }}}
+   Note that in this case you won't have the possibility to run a localized version of Trac;
+   either use a released version or install from source
+=== Using `pip`
+'pip' is an easy_install replacement that is very useful to quickly install python packages.
+To get a trac installation up and running in less than 5 minutes:
+Assuming you want to have your entire pip installation in /opt/user/trac
+ -
+{{{
+pip -E /opt/user/trac install trac psycopg2
+}}}
+or
+ -
+{{{
+pip -E /opt/user/trac install trac mysql-python
+}}}
+Make sure your OS specific headers are available for pip to automatically build PostgreSQL (libpq-dev) or MySQL (libmysqlclient-dev) bindings.
+pip will automatically resolve all dependencies (like Genshi, pygments, etc.) and download the latest packages on pypi.python.org and create a self contained installation in /opt/user/trac
+All commands (tracd, trac-admin) are available in /opt/user/trac/bin . This can also be leveraged for mod_python (using PythonHandler directive) and mod_wsgi (using WSGIDaemonProcess directive)
+Additionally, you can install several trac plugins (listed [http://pypi.python.org/pypi?:action=search&term=trac&submit=search here]) through pip.
+=== From source
+Of course, using the python-typical setup at the top of the source directory also works.
+You can obtain the source for a .tar.gz or .zip file corresponding to a release (e.g. Trac-0.12.tar.gz), or you can get the source directly from the repository (see [trac:SubversionRepository] for details).
 {{{
 $ python ./setup.py install
 }}}
+''Note: このステップをおこなうには root 権限、またはそれと同等の権限が必要です。''
+この手順は、 Python ソースコードをバイトコンパイルして、 Python の `site-packages` ディレクトリにインストールします。
+また、ディレクトリ `cgi-bin`, `template`, `htdocs`, `wiki-default`, `wiki-macros` 配下のすべてのファイルを
+`$prefix/share/trac/` ディレクトリにコピーします。
+さらに、このスクリプトでは  [wiki:TracEnvironment Trac environment] を作成したりメンテナンスするためのコマンドラインツールである [wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin] や、スタンドアロンで動作するサーバ [wiki:TracStandalone tracd] をインストールします。
+=== 上級ユーザ ===
+Trac を上記以外の場所にインストールしたい場合や、その他の高度なインストールオプションを見たい場合は次のコマンドを実行してください:
+{{{
+$ python ./setup.py --help
+}}}
+単純にインストールする場所を変えたいのであれば、以下の通りです:
+{{{
+$ python ./setup.py install --prefix=/path/you/want
+}}}
+== プロジェクト環境の作成  ==
+[wiki:TracEnvironment Trac environment] は Trac が Wiki ページ、チケット、レポート、設定などのような情報を保存するバックエンドストレージです。 [wiki:TracEnvironment Trac environment] は基本的に、人間が読むことができる設定ファイル、その他いろいろなファイルとディレクトリを含んだディレクトリです。
+[wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin] を使用して、新しい Trac environment を作成します。:
+{{{
+$ trac-admin /path/to/trac_project_env initenv
+}}}
+[wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin] がプロジェクト環境を作成するのに必要な情報を聞いてきます。たとえば、プロジェクトの名前や、使用する Subversion リポジトリのパス、 [wiki:TracEnvironment#データベースに接続するための文字列 データベースに接続するための文字列] などです。もしこれらのオプションのひとつを何にすればいいのか分からなければ、デフォルト値を使用するために空白にしておいてください。特にデータベースに接続するための文字列は SQLite をインストールしている限り、動くでしょう。ただ唯一デフォルト値を使用した場合に動かないであろうというオプションは Subversion のリポジトリへのパスくらいでしょう。このオプションは確実に修正して下さい。
+また、ここで指定した値は後で [wiki:TracIni 設定ファイル] を編集することによって変更できます。
+''Note: Web サーバの起動ユーザには、この environment ディレクトリ、
+およびその配下のすべてのファイルに対する書き込みパーミッションが必要です。 ''
+== スタンドアロンサーバを起動する ==
+Trac environment を作成した後, スタンドアロンサーバの [wiki:TracStandalone tracd] を起動することによって簡単に Web インタフェースを使ってみることができます。
+{{{
+$ tracd --port 8000 /path/to/projectenv
+}}}
+そして、ブラウザを起動して、 `http://localhost:8000/` にアクセスしてみてください。 tracd が認識しているすべての環境が簡単にリストされます。作成した環境へのリンクをクリックし、実際の Trac を見るべきです。
+== Web サーバで Trac を起動する ==
+Tracは“"本当の" Web サーバに接続するための 3 つのオプションを提供しています: [wiki:TracCgi CGI], [wiki:TracFastCgi FastCGI] と [wiki:TracModPython mod_python] です。まともなパフォーマンスを引き出すために、 FastCGI か mod_python を使用することをおすすめします。
+== 認証の設定 ==
+ユーザアカウントの追加・削除・設定はどのような方法で Trac を動かしているかによります。これらのタスクをどのようにこなしていくかを知るために、以下にあげるページを訪れてください:
+ * TracStandalone スタンドアロンサーバ `tracd` を使用している場合
+ * TracCgi CGI または FastCGI を使用している場合
+ * TracModPython mod_python を使用している場合
+== Trac を使う ==
+一度、 Trac のサイトを構築して起動したら、 Subversion のリポジトリをブラウズしたり、チケットを登録したり、タイムラインを見たりすることができます。
+デフォルトの設定では、 anonymous ユーザ (ログインしていないユーザ) でも大半の機能を使用できますが、全てではありません。認証を設定し、認証済みのユーザがすべての機能を利用できるように [wiki:TracPermissions 権限] を追加するのを忘れないで下さい。
+''それでは楽しんで!''
+[http://projects.edgewall.com/trac/wiki/TracTeam The Trac Team]
+''You'll need root permissions or equivalent for this step.''
+This will byte-compile the python source code and install it as an .egg file or folder in the `site-packages` directory
+of your Python installation. The .egg will also contain all other resources needed by standard Trac, such as htdocs and templates.
+The script will also install the [wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin] command-line tool, used to create and maintain [wiki:TracEnvironment project environments], as well as the [wiki:TracStandalone tracd] standalone server.
+If you install from source and want to make Trac available in other languages, make sure  Babel is installed. Only then, perform the `install` (or simply redo the `install` once again afterwards if you realize Babel was not yet installed):
+{{{
+$ python ./setup.py install
+}}}
+Alternatively, you can do a `bdist_egg` and copy the .egg from dist/ to the place of your choice, or you can create a Windows installer (`bdist_wininst`).
+=== Advanced Options ===
+To install Trac to a custom location, or find out about other advanced installation options, run:
+{{{
+easy_install --help
+}}}
+Also see [http://docs.python.org/inst/inst.html Installing Python Modules] for detailed information.
+Specifically, you might be interested in:
+{{{
+easy_install --prefix=/path/to/installdir
+}}}
+or, if installing Trac to a Mac OS X system:
+{{{
+easy_install --prefix=/usr/local --install-dir=/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages
+}}}
+Note: If installing on Mac OS X 10.6 running {{{ easy_install http://svn.edgewall.org/repos/trac/trunk }}} will install into {{{ /usr/local }}} and {{{ /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages }}} by default
+The above will place your `tracd` and `trac-admin` commands into `/usr/local/bin` and will install the Trac libraries and dependencies into `/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages`, which is Apple's preferred location for third-party Python application installations.
+== Creating a Project Environment ==
+A [TracEnvironment Trac environment] is the backend storage where Trac stores information like wiki pages, tickets, reports, settings, etc. An environment is basically a directory that contains a human-readable [TracIni configuration file], and various other files and directories.
+A new environment is created using [wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin]:
+{{{
+$ trac-admin /path/to/myproject initenv
+}}}
+[TracAdmin trac-admin] will prompt you for the information it needs to create the environment, such as the name of the project and the [TracEnvironment#DatabaseConnectionStrings database connection string]. If you're not sure what to specify for one of these options, just press `<Enter>` to use the default value.
+Using the default database connection string in particular will always work as long as you have SQLite installed.
+For the other [DatabaseBackend database backends] you should plan ahead and already have a database ready to use at this point.
+Since 0.12, Trac doesn't ask for a [TracEnvironment#SourceCodeRepository source code repository] anymore when creating an environment. Repositories can be [TracRepositoryAdmin added] afterward, or the version control support can be disabled completely if you don't need it.
+Also note that the values you specify here can be changed later by directly editing the [TracIni conf/trac.ini] configuration file.
+Finally, make sure the user account under which the web front-end runs will have '''write permissions''' to the environment directory and all the files inside. This will be the case if you run `trac-admin ... initenv` as this user. If not, you should set the correct user afterwards. For example on Linux, with the web server running as user `apache` and group `apache`, enter:
+{{{
+# chown -R apache.apache /path/to/myproject
+}}}
+== Running the Standalone Server ==
+After having created a Trac environment, you can easily try the web interface by running the standalone server [wiki:TracStandalone tracd]:
+{{{
+$ tracd --port 8000 /path/to/myproject
+}}}
+Then, fire up a browser and visit `http://localhost:8000/`. You should get a simple listing of all environments that `tracd` knows about. Follow the link to the environment you just created, and you should see Trac in action. If you only plan on managing a single project with Trac you can have the standalone server skip the environment list by starting it like this:
+{{{
+$ tracd -s --port 8000 /path/to/myproject
+}}}
+== Running Trac on a Web Server ==
+Trac provides various options for connecting to a "real" web server: [wiki:TracCgi CGI], [wiki:TracFastCgi FastCGI], [wiki:TracModWSGI mod_wsgi] and [wiki:TracModPython mod_python]. For decent performance, it is recommended that you use either FastCGI or mod_wsgi.
+Trac also supports [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp AJP] which may be your choice if you want to connect to IIS.
+==== Generating the Trac cgi-bin directory ====
+In order for Trac to function properly with FastCGI you need to have a `trac.fcgi` file and for mod_wsgi a `trac.wsgi` file. These are Python scripts which load the appropriate Python code. They can be generated using the `deploy` option of [wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin].
+There is, however, a bit of a chicken-and-egg problem. The [wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin] command requires an existing environment to function, but complains if the deploy directory already exists. This is a problem, because environments are often stored in a subdirectory of the deploy. The solution is to do something like this:
+{{{
+mkdir -p /usr/share/trac/projects/my-project
+trac-admin /usr/share/trac/projects/my-project initenv
+trac-admin /usr/share/trac/projects/my-project deploy /tmp/deploy
+mv /tmp/deploy/* /usr/share/trac
+}}}
+==== Setting up the Plugin Cache ====
+Some Python plugins need to be extracted to a cache directory. By default the cache resides in the home directory of the current user. When running Trac on a Web Server as a dedicated user (which is highly recommended) who has no home directory, this might prevent the plugins from starting. To override the cache location you can set the PYTHON_EGG_CACHE environment variable. Refer to your server documentation for detailed instructions on how to set environment variables.
+== Configuring Authentication ==
+The process of adding, removing, and configuring user accounts for authentication depends on the specific way you run Trac. The basic procedure is described in the [wiki:TracCgi#AddingAuthentication "Adding Authentication"] section on the TracCgi page. To learn how to setup authentication for the frontend you're using, please refer to one of the following pages:
+ * TracStandalone if you use the standalone server, `tracd`.
+ * TracCgi if you use the CGI or FastCGI web front ends.
+ * [wiki:TracModWSGI] if you use the Apache mod_wsgi web front end.
+ * TracModPython if you use the Apache mod_python web front end.
+== Automatic reference to the SVN changesets in Trac tickets ==
+You can configure SVN to automatically add a reference to the changeset into the ticket comments, whenever changes are committed to the repository. The description of the commit needs to contain one of the following formulas:
+ * '''`Refs #123`''' - to reference this changeset in `#123` ticket
+ * '''`Fixes #123`''' - to reference this changeset and close `#123` ticket with the default status ''fixed''
+This functionality requires a post-commit hook to be installed as described in [wiki:TracRepositoryAdmin#ExplicitSync TracRepositoryAdmin], and enabling the optional commit updater components by adding the following line to the `[components]` section of your [wiki:TracIni#components-section trac.ini], or enabling the components in the "Plugins" admin panel.
+{{{
+tracopt.ticket.commit_updater.* = enabled
+}}}
+For more information, see the documentation of the `CommitTicketUpdater` component in the "Plugins" admin panel.
+== Using Trac ==
+Once you have your Trac site up and running, you should be able to create tickets, view the timeline, browse your version control repository if configured, etc.
+Keep in mind that anonymous (not logged in) users can by default access most but not all of the features. You will need to configure authentication and grant additional [wiki:TracPermissions permissions] to authenticated users to see the full set of features.
+'' Enjoy! ''
+[trac:TracTeam The Trac Team]
 ----
 See also:  TracGuide, TracCgi, TracFastCgi, TracModPython, TracUpgrade, TracPermissions
+See also: [trac:TracInstallPlatforms TracInstallPlatforms], TracGuide, TracCgi, TracFastCgi, TracModPython, [wiki:TracModWSGI], TracUpgrade, TracPermissions